Waves Optics Equations and Formulas in pdf

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Periodic Waves
v = ƒλ

Frequency

ƒ =	1
	T

Beat Frequency
f_beat = f_high − f_low

Intensity

I =	⟨P⟩
	A

Intensity Level in Decibels

L_I = 10 log	⎛ ⎝	I	⎞ ⎠
		I₀

Interference Fringes

nλ = d sin θ

nλ	≈	x
d	≈	L

Index of Refraction

n =	c
	v

Snell's Law
n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂

Critical Angle

sin θ_c =	n₂
	n₁

Image location

1	=	1	+	1
ƒ	=	d_o	+	d_i

Image Size

M =	h_i	=	d_i
	h_o		d_o

Spherical Mirrors

ƒ ≈	r
	2